![]() Steel can reach after heat treatment hardness of up to 1,000. ![]() ![]() Most cutting tools are made from Tungsten Carbide. Material Groups Hardness Range Material Group HB HRC Steel (Annealed) 70-270 <28 Steel (Quenched and tempered) 270-350 29-38 Steel (Hardened) 350-750 39-68 Stainless Steel (Austenitic) 70-180 <10 Cast Iron 180-300 10-32 Aluminum 60-100 – Heat resistance superalloys (Inconel) 130-450 <46 Titanium 70-370 <40 Tungsten Carbide Above a certain threshold, it will become impossible to machine the material with a conventional carbide insert, and advanced materials such as Ceramics and CBN will be mandatory. From a certain hardness point, increasing the hardness further increases the wear and will either require you to reduce the cutting speed or settle for a lower tool-life. It is impossible to break chips below a certain hardness, and the raw material tends to stick on the cutting edge causing BUE. Raw MaterialsĪlthough counter-intuitive, it is not ideal to machine very soft material. ![]() It is the primary parameter to know for both the raw materials and the cutting materials. Hardness is one of the most critical parameters in any machining discussion.
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